What is Gestational Diabetes?
Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It means your blood sugar levels become higher than normal. Usually, this condition appears in the second half of pregnancy. Most women do not have diabetes before they become pregnant. However, gestational diabetes can affect both mother and baby. It is important to know the risk factors for gestational diabetes so you can take steps to stay healthy.
Why Understanding Risk Factors Matters
Knowing the risk factors for gestational diabetes helps you take control of your health. For example, if you know you are at higher risk, you can make changes early. Early action can lower your chances of getting gestational diabetes. Also, understanding your risk helps your doctor plan the best care for you and your baby. Because gestational diabetes can cause problems for both mother and child, it is important to learn about these risks.
Major Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes
Several things can raise your risk of developing gestational diabetes. Let’s look at the most common risk factors.
Age and Family History
If you are over 25 years old, your risk increases.Having a close family member with type 2 diabetes also raises your risk.For example, if your parent or sibling has diabetes, you should tell your doctor.
Weight and Body Mass Index (BMI)
Being overweight before pregnancy is a major risk factor.If your BMI is 25 or higher, your chances of gestational diabetes go up.Even a small amount of extra weight can make a difference.
Ethnicity and Genetics
Some ethnic groups have a higher risk of gestational diabetes.For instance, women of African American, Hispanic, Native American, South Asian, or Pacific Islander backgrounds are at greater risk.Genetics can also play a role, so family history matters.
Previous Gestational Diabetes or Large Babies
If you had gestational diabetes in a past pregnancy, your risk is higher this time.Giving birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds also increases your risk.Doctors may watch you more closely if you had these issues before.
Lifestyle and Diet
Poor eating habits can raise your risk of gestational diabetes.Not getting enough physical activity is another factor.For example, eating lots of sugary foods or not exercising can make it harder to control blood sugar.
Other Medical Conditions
Some health problems can increase your risk.These include high blood pressure, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and heart disease.If you take certain medicines, your doctor may want to check your blood sugar more often.
How to Reduce Your Risk
While you cannot change some risk factors, you can take steps to lower your chances of gestational diabetes. Here are some tips:Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.Stay active by walking or doing light exercise most days.Maintain a healthy weight before and during pregnancy.See your doctor for regular check-ups and follow their advice.If you had gestational diabetes before, talk to your doctor early in your pregnancy.
According to the CDC, healthy habits can help prevent gestational diabetes or keep it under control.
When to Talk to Your Doctor
If you have any risk factors for gestational diabetes, let your doctor know. Early testing can help catch problems before they become serious. For example, your doctor may check your blood sugar sooner if you are at higher risk. Do not wait for symptoms to appear. Instead, regular prenatal visits are the best way to protect your health and your baby’s health.
If you have questions about your risk for gestational diabetes, consult your healthcare provider. They can give you advice that fits your needs and help you have a healthy pregnancy.
